Post by Eliska on Mar 25, 2014 14:44:41 GMT -8
So far I have made a rough set of grammatical rules and structure. I would appreciate help tweaking and making this the best it can be.
Verbs-
In order to indicate the case of a noun, a verb is used with a suffix. In the case of phrases like "him and I" the subject will have the verb of "to be."
Verb endings according to case:
DO: "-ȏ"
IO: "-q"
Locative: "-ĝ"
Genitive: "-nu"
Nominative: "-bè"
Infinitive: "-a" ("-ą") or "-i" ("-ę")
To make the verb in it's past form, add "ja" to the case ending.
To make the verb in it's future form, add "-pu" to the case ending.
The locative case involves location. The words involving location, that would normally be an English preposition, is a verb in Novilingui. The locative verbs are "on, in, at, by, next to, under, above, and across."
The genitive case is for possession. In the genitive case, the verb corresponds to the possessed noun. If no true verb is use.
Example: "My mom's dog" is N+V+N. The verb would be conjugated to the noun that is being possessed, so "dog," in this case.
Adverb-
If there is an adverb, it will be directly next to the verb, so "S+V+AV_____." or "_______AV+V+S." (S meaning subject, V meaning verb, and AV meaning adverb).
Adverbs end in "-una" in the nominative. Adverbs otherwise follow this order Adj+DO+AV+V and end in "-unos."
Adjectives-
Adjectives share the same ending with the verb of the same tense. So that if there is an adjective describing an direct object, the adjective and verb will both be conjugated in the direct object case. (essentially, if the verb end with "-nu," the adjective will also end with "-nu").
In the infinitive adjectives end in "-no."
To indicate an opposite meaning, adjectives are given the prefix "yî-."
Adjectives may either come right before or right after the subject.
Adj+S+V___./S+Adj+V___. or ___V+Adj+S./___V+S+Adj.
Nouns-
There are no articles (an, a, the) in Novilingui, but all nouns have genders. These genders are consistent throughout the language and do not change. They are only used (for now) for aesthetic value.
In the case of a direct object and the like, the verb will always be placed directly after the noun and an adjective will always be placed before the noun.
For example, in the sentence, "I know the man." in English the words go S+V+DO, while in Novilingui it is the same, or can be reworded for DO+V+S.
However, in the sentence, "I know the angry man runs to her house." in English this would be (in the simplest form) S+V+Adj+DO+V+PP. As you can see in the previous sentence, the formula in the center is Adj+DO+V. This formula is the same throughout Novilingui. Whenever there is an object not the subject, the formula is always Adj+DO+V.
only two cases exist for nouns: nominative and vocative
noun genders- feminine - ends with "-a"
masculine - ends with "-u"
neuter - ends with "-i"
Nouns in the nominative case do not change.
Nouns in the plural:
noun genders- feminine - "-a" changes to "-va"
masculine - "-u" changes to "-vu"
neuter - "-i" changes to "-vi"
Nouns in the vocative case:
noun genders- feminine - "-a" changes to "-sa"
masculine - "-u" changes to "-su"
neuter - "-i" changes to "-si"
Nouns in the genitive case that are possessive take the ending of "-rè."
Nouns can become specifically feminine by adding "fe-" and specifically masculine by adding "lu-." For example, a female cat (felina) would be "fe-felina" and a male cat would be "lu-felina." This is only to describe a gender specific noun and does not have to be used every time the noun is said.
A smaller sized noun is shown by adding the prefix "ki-." So for example, a puppy, which is a smaller form of a dog, can be said by "kisansu/ki-sansu."
A larger sized noun is shown by adding the prefix "ha-." For example, a large cat which is a larger form of a normal sized cat, can be said by "hafelina/ha-felina."
Dashes between these nouns do not change the meaning, but are preferred in written Novilingui.
Prepositions-
Prepositions in Novilingui act as prefixes to corresponding nouns, while locative "prepositions" are verbs.
Example: "to her" would be "umei" "u" being "to" and "mei" being "she."
That is all for now!
Verbs-
In order to indicate the case of a noun, a verb is used with a suffix. In the case of phrases like "him and I" the subject will have the verb of "to be."
Verb endings according to case:
DO: "-ȏ"
IO: "-q"
Locative: "-ĝ"
Genitive: "-nu"
Nominative: "-bè"
Infinitive: "-a" ("-ą") or "-i" ("-ę")
To make the verb in it's past form, add "ja" to the case ending.
To make the verb in it's future form, add "-pu" to the case ending.
The locative case involves location. The words involving location, that would normally be an English preposition, is a verb in Novilingui. The locative verbs are "on, in, at, by, next to, under, above, and across."
The genitive case is for possession. In the genitive case, the verb corresponds to the possessed noun. If no true verb is use.
Example: "My mom's dog" is N+V+N. The verb would be conjugated to the noun that is being possessed, so "dog," in this case.
Adverb-
If there is an adverb, it will be directly next to the verb, so "S+V+AV_____." or "_______AV+V+S." (S meaning subject, V meaning verb, and AV meaning adverb).
Adverbs end in "-una" in the nominative. Adverbs otherwise follow this order Adj+DO+AV+V and end in "-unos."
Adjectives-
Adjectives share the same ending with the verb of the same tense. So that if there is an adjective describing an direct object, the adjective and verb will both be conjugated in the direct object case. (essentially, if the verb end with "-nu," the adjective will also end with "-nu").
In the infinitive adjectives end in "-no."
To indicate an opposite meaning, adjectives are given the prefix "yî-."
Adjectives may either come right before or right after the subject.
Adj+S+V___./S+Adj+V___. or ___V+Adj+S./___V+S+Adj.
Nouns-
There are no articles (an, a, the) in Novilingui, but all nouns have genders. These genders are consistent throughout the language and do not change. They are only used (for now) for aesthetic value.
In the case of a direct object and the like, the verb will always be placed directly after the noun and an adjective will always be placed before the noun.
For example, in the sentence, "I know the man." in English the words go S+V+DO, while in Novilingui it is the same, or can be reworded for DO+V+S.
However, in the sentence, "I know the angry man runs to her house." in English this would be (in the simplest form) S+V+Adj+DO+V+PP. As you can see in the previous sentence, the formula in the center is Adj+DO+V. This formula is the same throughout Novilingui. Whenever there is an object not the subject, the formula is always Adj+DO+V.
only two cases exist for nouns: nominative and vocative
noun genders- feminine - ends with "-a"
masculine - ends with "-u"
neuter - ends with "-i"
Nouns in the nominative case do not change.
Nouns in the plural:
noun genders- feminine - "-a" changes to "-va"
masculine - "-u" changes to "-vu"
neuter - "-i" changes to "-vi"
Nouns in the vocative case:
noun genders- feminine - "-a" changes to "-sa"
masculine - "-u" changes to "-su"
neuter - "-i" changes to "-si"
Nouns in the genitive case that are possessive take the ending of "-rè."
Nouns can become specifically feminine by adding "fe-" and specifically masculine by adding "lu-." For example, a female cat (felina) would be "fe-felina" and a male cat would be "lu-felina." This is only to describe a gender specific noun and does not have to be used every time the noun is said.
A smaller sized noun is shown by adding the prefix "ki-." So for example, a puppy, which is a smaller form of a dog, can be said by "kisansu/ki-sansu."
A larger sized noun is shown by adding the prefix "ha-." For example, a large cat which is a larger form of a normal sized cat, can be said by "hafelina/ha-felina."
Dashes between these nouns do not change the meaning, but are preferred in written Novilingui.
Prepositions-
Prepositions in Novilingui act as prefixes to corresponding nouns, while locative "prepositions" are verbs.
Example: "to her" would be "umei" "u" being "to" and "mei" being "she."
That is all for now!